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- <text id=89TT1247>
- <title>
- May 08, 1989: The Partial Comeback Of A Fallen Angel
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1989
- May 08, 1989 Fusion Or Illusion?
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- ART, Page 95
- The Partial Comeback of A Fallen Angel
- </hdr><body>
- <p>After long neglect, a look at the 17th century's Guido Reni
- </p>
- <p>By Robert Hughes
- </p>
- <p> Anyone who thinks art reputations, once made, are
- imperishable, should think again -- about Guido Reni
- (1575-1642). The retrospective show of 51 of his paintings is
- on view through May 14 at the Kimbell Art Museum in Fort Worth,
- having been seen in Bologna (in a larger form) and Los Angeles.
- Reni was the leading Bolognese artist of the 17th century. For
- nearly 200 years after his death, he was adored by a long line
- of connoisseurs and tourists who held him to have been
- angelically inspired, the greatest painter of his age: as famous
- in his own way as Michelangelo, Leonardo, Van Gogh or Picasso.
- Percy Bysshe Shelley thought that if some cataclysm destroyed
- Rome, the loss of Raphael and Guido Reni would "be alone
- regretted."
- </p>
- <p> But the scaly truth is that taste changes; and an anthology
- of writings on Reni at the end of the catalog charts his fall.
- You see the first puff of feathers detach itself from the wing
- of the Angelic Limner in 1846, when John Ruskin lets fly in
- Modern Painters: "A taint and stain, and jarring discord . . .
- marked sensuality and impurity." In 1895 Romain Rolland downed
- him: "He was able to deceive two entire centuries . . . Guido's
- laborious conscientiousness is void of thought and true
- feeling." Two years later, Bernard Berenson wrung his neck: "We
- turn away from Guido Reni with disgust unspeakable." And it was
- downhill from there; in 1910 one of his versions of Bacchus and
- Ariadne sold at Christie's for just under (pounds)10, a fraction
- of its auction price 60 years before. The nadir was in the late
- '50s, when you could get a 10-ft. Guido Reni (if you wanted it,
- which few did) for less than $300 at auction. Reni's posthumous
- career is not one the heroes of the Late Modernist Art Industry
- can contemplate with equanimity.
- </p>
- <p> What did him in? For the Victorians, the growing belief
- that his piety was hypocritical. More seriously, Reni's
- frequent combination of tepid high-mindedness and relentless
- self-repetition looked insincere to early 20th century eyes. The
- classicism of his languidly yearning saints, rolling their
- eyeballs to the light of heaven, seemed trite and formulaic.
- </p>
- <p> Much of it still does. Reni did not make things easy for
- himself. Apart from being superstitious (he kept seeing a
- phantom light over his bed) and timid to the point of paranoia
- (he refused any food sent to him as a gift for fear that it was
- poisoned), he was a compulsive gambler. It was his only vice.
- His sex life should certainly have appealed to prudish Ruskin,
- for it did not exist: he shunned women in the fear that they
- might be witches. But gambling debts led him to churn out hack
- paintings, with predictable results for his reputation.
- </p>
- <p> Still, an artist deserves to be judged on his best work,
- and the idea that Reni was just a painter of saccharine
- devotional figures does not stand up. He will never get back on
- the pedestal he occupied in the 17th and 18th centuries,
- alongside Raphael. But there was a distinct grandeur in Reni,
- which his sometimes irksome professional smoothness served, and
- it is still perceptible today.
- </p>
- <p> This show is the first in a generation to restore Reni; the
- last one, in his native Bologna, was in 1954. To a great extent
- it succeeds. When the various phases of Reni's work are
- assembled, he comes across as a far more diverse and interesting
- painter than one ever expected. His precocity and rate of
- absorption were equally striking, and they made room for sly
- humor, as in a pastiche of Caravaggio he did around 1605, when
- he was barely 30: David with the Head of Goliath, the David
- sporting a raffishly theatrical feather in his cap as he tilts
- the severed head like a connoisseur quizzing a sculptor. Some
- of his key paintings, such as the Prado's extraordinary Atalanta
- and Hippomenes, in which he achieved a grand synthesis of
- Caravaggism and classical diction, are missing from Fort Worth.
- But it is quite clear from a work like Joseph and Potiphar's
- Wife that Reni could endow human figures with a Caravaggio-like
- density and passion while pointing the way for a classicism
- still to come. The figure of Joseph, moving away in its sandals
- and serene quadrant of ocher cloak, might be striding toward his
- eventual home in one of Poussin's paintings.
- </p>
- <p> Reni's image of the young Baptist, modeled to the nth
- degree of sensitivity, warm against the cold blues and dark
- greens of the framing landscape, seems about to speak; and to
- look at the landscape background is to realize what English
- artists a century later, particularly Gainsborough, would gain
- from Reni. He had an inspired sense of the mechanics of
- composition, as Nessus and Dejanira proves: an airy ballet on
- the theme of rape, in which every billow and facet of the
- drapery seems to operate as form.
- </p>
- <p> Partly because he worked from sketches, engravings or
- memories of sculpture, Reni's heroic male nudes -- the Samson
- Victorious, and the various figures of Hercules done for the
- Gonzaga in Mantua -- have a sculptural intensity that blots out
- the rest of the painting. Background figures scurry about in
- deep recession, half transparent, like wraiths out of
- Tintoretto; the landscape is simplified into broad plains;
- against this, the single magnified body rises up. One remembers
- only the imposing structure turning, as it were, before the eye,
- displaying its stresses and bulges -- straining for embodiment
- and yet defeating it with its own supercharged mannerism. More
- than any other artist of his time, Reni adumbrated the
- abstractness of the neoclassical figure, along with its faint
- overtones of camp.
- </p>
- <p> That is why, however incongruously, some Renis call to mind
- "classical" Picasso in the early '20s: both are parodies,
- Reni's part-subliminal and Picasso's wholly deliberate, of the
- same antique fantasy of ideal beings on the Mediterranean shore.
- The point is made by Reni's Bacchus and Ariadne, with its
- enameled colors, its air of travesty -- one doesn't believe for
- a second in jilted Ariadne's grief, but one does wonder what her
- right hand is about to do -- and its iron-butterfly stylishness.
- This is an idyll that makes no bones about its own
- artificiality. Brilliance is all, and it is just enough.
- </p>
-
- </body></article>
- </text>
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